The scale-up of industrial processes is discussed in terms of theory, design, implementation, cost and costing methods, and strategic implications. Methods of reducing operational, technical, and regulatory risk are discussed for both conventional technology and biotechnology. Includes detailed discussion of scale-up for gasification processes, fermentation processes, biomass feedstock logistics and handling, fixed beds and fluid beds.

This report reviews the current commercial technologies and developing technologies for on-purpose production of butadiene including routes from renewable sources. Process economics (investment and production costs) have been evaluated. Regional supply/demand is included.

Dimethyl carbonate production technologies and economics have been evaluated. Global supply/demand is included.

Linear alpha olefin (LAO) comonomer technologies for polyethylene have been reviewed. Regional process economics for the production of full-range LAO and on-purpose butene-1, hexene-1, and octene-1 have been evaluated. Regional supply/demand for alpha olefins (butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1) is included.