The process technology and production economics for polyvinyl alcohol and its key raw material, vinyl acetate, are presented.  Comparative cost of production estimates are developed for the USGC, China (acetylene and ethylene-based), Japan, Taiwan, and Western Europe.  Global demand by application as well as tri-regional capacity and supply/demand/trade data is provided.

CO2 dosing can be highly beneficial to greenhouse crop yields.  This white paper covers some of the environmentally-friendly ways that CO2 dosing can be combined with geothermal energy, solar power and sea water desalination to allow nutritious fresh food to be grown in arid coastal areas around the world.  Carbon capture and re-use, from sources such as refineries and bio-renewable fuels facilities, is also highlighted to ensure the sustainability of this growing method. 

Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies and systems provide a major opportunity for better economic benefits and enhanced energy management.  This includes expected mismatches in supply and demand for cooling or heating requirements, thereby offsetting differences in time and magnitude of cooling or heating production.  TES can also jointly assist in harnessing and integrating “stranded” renewable power supply through possible co-location with distributed energy resources such as based on solar and wind energy.  This report provides an overview of the various developing and commercial TES technologies in the United States and includes a methodology for structuring the levelized cost of storage (LCOS).  

This technology report provides a comprehensive view of Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) and Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) production technology.  It includes detailed analyses of all the major technologies involved in both the production of LAB and its sulfonation to LAS, with both cost of production and sensitivity analyses.  Additionally, industry trends, drivers and markets have been reviewed to provide an overview of the whole value chain.