This report is an extensive techno-economic overview of available renewable ammonia technologies in the context of the radical decarbonization required for the ammonia industry to reach COP25 goals. Major technologies are covered in a modular fashion including hydrogen provision, ammonia conversion, nitrogen capture, and carbon capture and sequestration. The report benchmarks blue ammonia against green ammonia ventures in terms of carbon intensity and economic competitiveness. Blue ammonia models cover ATR and SMR routes in detail, including flue gas capture and including potential sensitivities of costs for geological sequestration dependent on distance, injection well depth, and terrain. Green ammonia models cover both full-rate production and evaluate claims of cost competitiveness under intermittent production against a wide variety of plant-gate ammonia pricing and electricity pricing scenarios using an innovative probabilistic methodology.

This report investigates the various developers producing biobased lactic acid and PLA. Relevant commercial technology processes and high-level economics are presented. Analysis on recent industry trends and developments are also provided.

This report investigates oleaginous biofeedstocks for renewable chemicals and fuels. Descriptions of major oilseeds and crushing technologies to produce oils, as well as developmental natural oil sources are described. Regional cost of production models for oilseeds and crushing to produce oils are also included, as well as regional and country level production data.

This report is a technoeconomic and carbon intensity comparison analysis of biomethanol (via feedstock switching to biogas, gasification, and power-to-methanol) and potential downstream base chemical products (acetic acid, ethanol, ethylene, propylene, BTX, and gasoline) which form the backbone of the modern chemical industry in turn can be used to produce most conventional petrochemicals, and therefore “green” these value chains. Carbon intensity reductions are valorized in case study scenarios of carbon emissions prices, and break even carbon values are estimated on a regional basis.