Options to Meet Evolving Bunker Fuel Specifications (2013 Program)

This report examines the impact of the low sulfur bunker fuel regulations on the refining and marine industries. Technology options available for refiners and ship owners are discussed and economics analyses are presented for atmospheric residue desulfurization, marine exhaust gas scrubbing, and the use of LNG as an alternative bunker fuel. Nexant’s forecast of global bunker demand is provided reflecting the impact of the regulations.