Biorenewable insights: Sustainable Fertilizers (2023 Program)

​​This report assesses sustainable fertilizers production pathways in terms of their technical, economic, and carbon intensity aspects. Key technologies covered at the cost of production level include steam methane reforming with carbon capture, autothermal reforming with carbon capture, PEM electrolysis, alkaline electrolysis and small modular ammonia for low CI ammonia and ammonium fertilizers production. This report also presents a comparative analysis of the overall carbon intensity, considering scope 1 and scope 2 emissions across these production pathways.​